Physicalism - If true:

 
   If everything is physical, (physicalism), then everything is only a direct result of the thing that came before it. For example, offspring are the genetic results of their parents. To include interference, mutations can arise from naturally produced causes that create a variance in the genetic code, which directly results in the variant. At no point would anything other than the natural course result, since all interference must also be physical and itself would also have simply been a result of the thing that caused it.

   Everything must be the direct result of the things that came before it, because there is nothing else to influence and change the natural physical course.

 

   If everything is physical, than all brain activity is also solely physical, and everyone’s thoughts would simply be the direct result of things that came before it, and their actions a result of the thoughts. Everything a person did in love, hate, wonder, or fear would have only been a “result” and not a choice.

   Physicalism to its true extent states, “You have no choice, and your life is only a natural results of previous happenings, which were themselves results of previous things.”

   If everything is physical than you are a biological machine working through a complex program until you expire.

   Within physicalism there is nowhere to transcend to beyond the physical. There can be no higher calling or motivation, nor any good or bad; since everything would only be the natural result of the original thing, and no better or worse than any other result.

Dualism - If true:

   If everything is not physical then something more must exist and it must be non-physical.

   If ‘something more’ does exist then physical things could possibly interact with it and could therefore transcend their natural physical course.

   For choice to exist the Chooser needs to be able to control these interactions. Since purely physical things are only results, human beings would require ‘something more’ to allow them to control the interactions; otherwise they would be purely physical and lack the possibility of choice.

   Observably, human beings possess a physical body and if ‘choice’ is real they also possess a ‘more’. So then, a being without a human ‘more’ must not be fully human; and likewise if a physical body does possess a human ‘more’ it would be fully human.

   However, the only way we can so far determine whether a physical body possess a ‘more’, (which would be non-physical), is to observe the interactions between the two things. So then, a non-physical ‘more’ could exist before and after the physical aspect is present for interactions.

   For the example of organ donation it is widely accepted that consent must be given by the person to have a part of their body put under the control of a different person. Without consent it would be considered an invasion for a person to use their ‘more’ to interact onto another person’s unique body. [A unique body may be determined by a unique genetic code or a unique physical spatial presence; (e.g. clones).] If individual choice exists then each individual must possess a unique connection between a ‘more’ and their unique physical body.

   Therefore, if ‘choice’ exists a human being would be described as the possible existence of a ‘more’ that is associated with a unique genetic (or spatial) physical presence.